Clear standards.
Responsible publishing.
Our commitments to authors, reviewers, editors and readers. Explore the principles behind our publishing decisions and how to raise a concern.
Publisher framework · Last website publication:
Publication ethics & editorial independence
Original research, responsible authorship and independent editorial decisions.
Read policy →02Peer review & editorial decisions
A clear process from editorial assessment to a reasoned decision.
Read policy →03Open access, copyright & permissions
Clear access terms and an identifiable licence for every publication.
Read policy →04Research data & reproducibility
Transparent methods, accessible evidence and responsible restrictions.
Read policy →05Responsible use of AI
Human accountability, disclosure and manuscript confidentiality.
Read policy →06Corrections, expressions of concern & retractions
A transparent record when published research needs amendment.
Read policy →07Complaints & appeals
An evidence-based route for concerns about publishing and editorial handling.
Read policy →08Fees, payments & publishing transparency
Know the terms before making a submission or financial commitment.
Read policy →09Guidance for authors & reviewers
Prepare a complete submission and a constructive, confidential review.
Read policy →How these policies apply
This framework sets the publisher’s baseline expectations. Each journal provides its own scope, submission requirements, review model and applicable fees and rights. Authors should read both the publisher framework and the journal-specific guidance before submission.
Our approach is informed by established scholarly publishing guidance, including the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. Referencing guidance does not imply membership, accreditation or journal inclusion in any index.